1. Introduction to Korean Folk Beliefs
Korean folk beliefs are deeply rooted in
the country’s history, culture, and traditions.
These beliefs encompass shamanism, ancestor worship,
superstitions, and various folk customs that
have been passed down through generations.
Even in modern society,
these traditions continue to influence
the daily lives of many Koreans.
2. Shamanism (Muism) in Korea
2.1. Origins of Korean Shamanism
Korean shamanism, known as Muism (무속신앙),
is one of the oldest spiritual traditions in Korea.
It dates back to prehistoric times and has evolved
alongside the nation’s history.
Shamans, known as Mudang (무당), serve as intermediaries
between the human world and the spirit world.
2.2. Role of Shamans
Mudang perform rituals (gut, 굿) to communicate with spirits,
heal illnesses, and bring blessings.
They often undergo spiritual callings and intensive training
to develop their abilities.
2.3. Types of Shamanic Rituals
Naerim-gut (내림굿)
Initiation ceremony for new shamans.Jesa-gut (제사굿)
Rituals to honor ancestors and deities.Byeolsin-gut (별신굿)
Community-wide rituals for protection and prosperity.
3. Ancestor Worship
3.1. Importance of Ancestral Veneration
Koreans traditionally believe that deceased ancestors
continue to influence the lives of their descendants.
Paying respect to ancestors is an essential part of
Confucian-influenced Korean culture.
3.2. Jesa (제사) – Ancestral Memorial Rites
Jesa is a ritual held to honor ancestors,
typically on special occasions such as
Lunar New Year and Chuseok.
Families prepare food offerings and
perform ceremonial bows to show reverence.
3.3. Ancestral Tablets and Shrines
Some families maintain ancestral tablets (신위)
in their homes or visit family gravesites to pay respects.
4. Traditional Superstitions
4.1. Everyday Superstitions
Writing names in red ink
Believed to bring misfortune or death.Whistling at night
Said to attract ghosts and evil spirits.Number four (사)
Avoided because it sounds like “death” in Korean.
4.2. Pregnancy and Childbirth Superstitions
Avoiding spicy foods during pregnancy to
prevent a short-tempered child.Cutting baby’s hair early is believed to bring bad luck.
4.3. Wedding Superstitions
Seeing a magpie before a wedding is considered a good omen.
Rain on the wedding day symbolizes prosperity and blessings.
5. Folktales and Mythological Beliefs
5.1. Dangun and the Founding Myth
Dangun Wanggeom (단군왕검) is believed
to be the founder of Korea,
born from a bear-turned-human and a heavenly deity.
5.2. The Tale of Janghwa and Hongryeon
A classic ghost story about two sisters seeking justice
after their wrongful deaths.
5.3. Dokkaebi – Korean Goblins
Dokkaebi (도깨비) are mythical creatures that
play tricks on humans but also reward the kind-hearted.
6. Seasonal and Community Folk Rituals
6.1. Seollal (Lunar New Year)
Families perform ancestral rites and
engage in traditional games like Yut Nori.
6.2. Dano Festival
Celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month,
featuring traditional wrestling (씨름) and herbal cleansing rituals.
6.3. Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving)
A major holiday where families honor their ancestors
and enjoy a harvest feast.
Korean folk beliefs continue to be an integral part of Korean society,
blending ancient traditions with modern life.
These practices not only preserve cultural heritage but also
provide insight into the values and worldviews of the Korean people.