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Korean kite flying, known as Yeonnalligi (연날리기),
is a cherished traditional activity
that has been enjoyed across generations.
This practice not only serves as a form of entertainment
but also holds deep cultural and historical significance in Korea.
1. Historical Background of Yeonnalligi
The origins of Yeonnalligi can be traced back to ancient times.
Historical records, such as the Samguk Sagi,
mention that in 647 AD,
General Kim Yu-sin of the Silla dynasty utilized
kites to signal his troops,
showcasing the strategic importance of
kites in military communications.
Later, during the Goryeo period,
General Choi Yeong employed kites
with attached fire to subdue rebellions,
further emphasizing their multifaceted roles in Korean history.
2. Cultural Significance and Traditions
2.1. Seollal Celebrations
Yeonnalligi is traditionally associated with Seollal,
the Korean Lunar New Year.
During this festival, families gather to fly kites
adorned with the inscription "송액영복" (送厄迎福),
meaning "send off bad luck and welcome good fortune."
As the sun sets, participants cut the kite's string,
symbolically releasing misfortunes and
inviting prosperity for the coming year.
2.2. Symbolism in Design
Kites often feature vibrant colors and intricate designs,
including depictions of animals, mythical creatures,
and auspicious symbols.
These designs are not merely decorative
but are believed to ward off evil spirits and attract positive energy.
3. Types of Traditional Korean Kites
Korean kites are renowned for their unique structures and designs.
The most prevalent types include
3.1. Bangpaeyeon (Shield Kite)
The Bangpaeyeon is a rectangular kite with
a distinctive hole in the center,
known as the "vent."
This design allows for better control and stability in flight.
Historically, the Bangpaeyeon was favored
by adults and experienced kite flyers.
3.2. Gaoriyeon (Stingray Kite)
The Gaoriyeon resembles the shape of a stingray and
is characterized by its elongated tail.
This kite is particularly popular among children
due to its dynamic movement and ease of handling.
4. Crafting and Flying Techniques
4.1. Materials and Construction
Traditional kites are crafted using natural materials
such as hanji (Korean mulberry paper) and bamboo.
The bamboo is meticulously split and shaped to form the frame,
while the hanji is carefully adhered to create the sail.
Artisans often decorate the kites with hand-painted designs,
enhancing their aesthetic appeal.
4.2. Flying Skills
Mastering Yeonnalligi requires understanding wind conditions
and developing precise control techniques.
Enthusiasts often engage in kite fighting,
where participants attempt to cut each other's strings
using kites treated with abrasive materials.
Success in these contests depends on
the quality of the kite's construction,
the strength and treatment of the string,
and the flyer’s skill in maneuvering.
5. Yeonnalligi in Contemporary Korea
While modern recreational activities have diversified,
Yeonnalligi remains a beloved pastime,
especially during traditional festivals.
Communities and cultural organizations host kite-flying events
to educate younger generations about this heritage.
Additionally, kite-making workshops and exhibitions are held,
allowing participants to experience the craftsmanship firsthand.
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of
interest in traditional Korean kites,
with artists and hobbyists exploring innovative designs and materials,
ensuring that the art of Yeonnalligi continues to
evolve while honoring its rich history.